PET-CT scanner characterization for PET raw data use in biomedical research

The purpose of this paper is to describe the experiments and methods that led to the geometrical interpretation of new-generation commercial PET-CT scanners, finalized to off-line PET-based treatment verification in ion beam therapy. Typically, the geometrical correspondence between the image domain (i.e., the dicom PET) and the sinogram domain (i.e., the PET raw data) is not explicitly described by scanner vendors. Hence, the proposed characterization can be applied to commercial PET-CT scanners used in biomedical research, for the development of technologies and methods requiring the use of PET raw data, without having access to confidential information from the vendors.     

桃红四物汤加减治疗中风后便秘13例

目的:观察桃红四物汤加减治疗中风后便秘的临床疗效。方法:选择中风后便秘患者26例,随机分为对照组和治疗组各13例。对照组给予果导片口服,治疗组给予桃红四物汤加减治疗。结果:对照组有效率46.1%,治疗组有效率76.9%,两组有效率比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:桃红四物汤加减治疗中风后便秘疗效显著。     

基于中医传承辅助平台的保健食品数据库构建及分析

保健食品是指声称具有特定保健功能或者以补充维生素、矿物质为目的的食品。在我国应用历史悠久,具有独特的优势,是我国民族医疗保健事业的重要组成部分。大健康时代的到来,保健食品业将迎来前所未有的发展机会。为加快保健食品开发的步伐,本文基于中医传承辅助平台软件构建了保健食品配方结构化数据库,并对有配方数据的26个保健功能的配方进行了系统分析,包括每一个保健功能的常用原料及原料组合。在此基础上,选取每一个保健功能最常用的原料进行了关联规则方法的深入挖掘研究。本文的研究明确了各保健功能相应配方的常用原料及其配方特点,从全新的角度解读保健食品配方的组方规律,可为保健食品的原料选择及配方研发提供依据和借鉴。     

大黄通便颗粒治疗重症急性胰腺炎疗效观察

目的观察大黄通便颗粒治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的临床疗效。方法将74例SAP患者随机分为实验组34例和对照组40例。在常规治疗的基础上,实验组予大黄通便颗粒经鼻-空肠管灌入;对照组以生大黄泡水经鼻-空肠管灌入。比较2组治疗过程中各项实验室检查结果恢复至正常值的时间及腹痛缓解时间、通便时间,并于入院2周时重新评定患者的Ranson评分、CTSI评分、BISAP评分、SAPSⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分,综合评定治疗效果。结果实验组脂联素、白细胞介素6、降钙素原、脂肪酶恢复至正常范围的时间明显短于对照组(P均<0.05),初次排便的时间早于对照组(P<0.05)。入院2周时,实验组APACHEⅡ、CTSI、Ranson评分均显著低于对照组(P均<0.05)。实验组有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论大黄通便颗粒治疗SAP效果好,可明显促进胃肠功能恢复,保护胰腺细胞,抑制炎症反应。     

Impact of the arterial input function on microvascularization parameter measurements using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography

AIM: To evaluate the sources of variation influencing the microvascularization parameters measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US). METHODS: Firstly, we evaluated, in vitro , the impact of the manual repositioning of the ultrasound probe and the variations in flow rates. Experiments were conducted using a custom-made phantom setup simulating a tumor and its associated arterial input. Secondly, we evaluated, in vivo , the impact of multiple contrast agent injections and of examination day, as well as the influence of the size of region of interest (ROI) associated with the arterial input function (AIF). Experiments were conducted on xenografted B16F10 female nude mice. For all of the experiments, an ultrasound scanner along with a linear transducer was used to perform pulse inversion imaging based on linear raw data throughout the experiments. Semi-quantitative and quantitative analyses were performed using two signal-processing methods. RESULTS:In vitro , no microvascularization parameters, whether semi-quantitative or quantitative, were significantly correlated (P values from 0.059 to 0.860) with the repositioning of the probe. In addition, all semiquantitative microvascularization parameters were correlated with the flow variation while only one quantitative parameter, the tumor blood flow, exhibited P value lower than 0.05 (P = 0.004). In vivo , multiple contrast agent injections had no significant impact (P values from 0.060 to 0.885) on microvascularization parameters. In addition, it was demonstrated that semi-quantitative microvascularization parameters were correlated with the tumor growth while among the quantitative parameters, only the tissue blood flow exhibited P value lower than 0.05 (P = 0.015). Based on these results, it was demonstrated that the ROI size of the AIF had significant influence on microvascularization parameters: in the context of larger arterial ROI (from 1.17 ± 0.6 mm 3 to 3.65 ± 0.3 mm 3 ), tumor blood flow and tumor blood volume were correlated with the tumor growth, exhibiting P values lower than 0.001. CONCLUSION: AIF selection is an essential aspect of the deconvolution process to validate the quantitative DCE-US method.     

Zoonotic Pathogens among White-Tailed Deer, Northern Mexico, 2004-2009

TO THE EDITOR: Intense wildlife management for hunting affects risks associated with zoonotic pathogens (1). White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are increasingly managed by fencing, feeding, watering, and translocation to increase incomes from hunting in northern Mexico (2). These deer also play a major role in dissemination and reintroduction of pathogens and vectors from Mexico into the United States (3,4). White-tailed deer are suitable reservoir hosts for Mycobacterium bovis (1), and an M. bovis-positive white-tailed deer was recently found in Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico (2). Brucellosis is widespread in many animal hosts in Latin America (5) and thus of interest in white-tailed deer. Another major zoonosis, sometimes linked to raw deer meat consumption, is hepatitis E, which is caused by genotypes of hepatitis E virus (HEV) (6). HEV is increasingly prevalent in red deer (Cervus elaphus) (7), but its prevalence in white-tailed deer is unknown.     

银菊解毒口服液指纹图谱结合多指标成分定量测定的质量控制方法研究

目的建立银菊解毒口服液(YJOL)药材原液-半成品-成品的指纹图谱,并进行多成分定量分析,为产品及其生产工艺过程质量控制提供有效方法与依据。方法采用岛津Inert Sustain C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 m L/min,波长240、327、334、280 nm,柱温30℃。对12批药材原液、半成品、成品进行测定,分别建立相应的HPLC指纹图谱,并对三者间进行全谱的相似度评价及共有图谱拟合,同时对指纹图谱中特征共有峰进行指认及定量分析。结果各批次药材原液(共有峰15个)、半成品(共有峰15个)、成品(共有峰13个)各自相似度均在0.9以上,质量稳定;药材原液与半成品及成品三者间相似度大于0.9,相关性较好;YJOL成品指纹图谱中,1号峰主要来源于板蓝根药材;2~7号峰来源于川银花和野菊花药材;8、9号峰主要来源于野菊花药材;10、11号峰来源于玄参药材;12、13号峰主要来源于补骨脂药材。通过比对特征峰保留时间,指认出6种主要成分,分别为R,S-告依春(1号峰)、绿原酸(3号峰)、蒙花苷(10号峰)、哈巴俄苷(11号峰)、补骨脂素(13号峰)、异补骨脂素(14号峰),6种成分在药材原液中质量分数平均值分别为39.21、15.43、2.14、0.53、7.21、6.51 mg/g,在半成品中质量分数平均值分别为35.31、11.54、1.83、0.37、4.95、4.74 mg/g,在成品中质量分数平均值分别为32.87、10.58、1.72、0.31、4.58、4.48 mg/g。结论同时对YJOL药材原液-半成品-成品进行指纹图谱和6个指标成分分析,可有效地用于YJOL生产过程的质量控制和产品的质量评价。     

不同剂量生大黄鼻饲对重型颅脑损伤患者消化道功能的影响

目的探讨不同剂量生大黄鼻饲对重型颅脑损伤患者消化道功能的影响。方法将150例重型颅脑损伤患者按照入院顺序分成A、B、C三组各50例,在相同综合治疗措施(抗感染、脱水、激素、肠内营养疗法等)的基础上,分别予生大黄16mg/kg、33mg/kg、60mg/kg鼻饲,3次/d,连续7d后评价效果。结果三组消化道出血、胃潴留、腹泻、便秘发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);除胃潴留发生率以外,A组与C组其他3项指标比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.0125)。结论重型颅脑损伤患者采用生大黄鼻饲时剂量33mg/kg,可获得较好效果,相对安全。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定阿莫曲坦原料药中8种有机溶剂残留量

目的:建立测定阿莫曲坦原料药中8种有机溶剂即乙醇、乙腈、二氯甲烷、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、异丙醇与甲苯残留量的方法。方法:采用毛细管气相色谱法。色谱柱为Agilent DB-5毛细管柱,柱温采取程序升温,氢火焰离子化检测器,检测器温度为250℃,载气为高纯N2,进样口温度为200℃,顶空进样,平衡条件为100℃、30 min。结果:8种有机溶剂在各自的检测质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r为0.999 6⁰.999 9),平均回收率为99.8%0.999 9),平均回收率为99.8%¹00.8%(RSD为0.87%100.8%(RSD为0.87%².11%,n=3),定量限为0.092.11%,n=3),定量限为0.09⁰.54 ng,检测限为0.030.54 ng,检测限为0.03⁰.18 ng。3批样品中只检出异丙醇。结论:建立的方法操作简便,可对阿莫曲坦原料药中残留的8种有机溶剂进行有效控制。     

HPLC-RID法测定葡甲胺原料药的含量

目的:建立测定葡甲胺原料药含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱-示差折光检测法。色谱柱采用月旭Ultimate?AQ-C18,流动相为水(pH 2.5)-甲醇(95∶5),流速为0.5 ml/min,检测器池温为40℃,柱温为35℃。测定3批样品含量并与《中国药典》方法滴定法结果比较。结果:葡甲胺检测质量浓度线性范围为1.52⁴.56 mg/ml(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为99.7%(RSD=0.63%,n=3)。本文建立的方法与滴定法测定结果一致。结论:建立的方法简便、快速、准确,适用于葡甲胺原料药的含量测定。